Doctors from Scotland and America have successfully completed what is thought of as a pioneering stroke surgery employing robotic technology.
The lead surgeon, from a medical institution, performed the long-distance surgery - the removal of blood clots after a stroke - on a donated body that had been donated to medical science.
The surgeon was positioned in a medical facility in Dundee, while the body she was operating on while using the machine was at another location at the university.
Subsequently, a medical specialist from the American state used the equipment to perform the pioneering long-distance operation from his American facility on a donated cadaver in Dundee over 4,000 miles away.
The research collective has labeled it a potential "revolutionary development" if it receives authorization for clinical application.
The doctors believe this technology could revolutionize stroke treatment, as a slow access to expert care can have a significant effect on the healing potential.
"It felt as if we were seeing the early preview of the next generation," stated Prof Grunwald.
"While in the past this was regarded as futuristic fantasy, we demonstrated that each phase of the procedure can now be performed."
The University of Dundee is the worldwide teaching facility of the World Federation for Interventional Stroke Treatment, and is the exclusive site in the Britain where medical professionals can operate on donated bodies with biological fluid flowing through the blood pathways to replicate operations on a actual patient.
"This was the first time that we could conduct the entire surgical process in a real human body to demonstrate that every phase of the surgery are possible," stated Prof Grunwald.
A healthcare leader, the director of a medical organization, called the long-distance operation as "a significant breakthrough".
"For too long, individuals from countryside locations have been deprived of access to thrombectomy," she added.
"Such technological systems could address the disparity which occurs in brain care throughout Britain."
An blockage stroke happens when an blood vessel is obstructed by a clot.
This cuts off vascular flow to the brain, and neurons stop functioning and die.
The best treatment is a thrombectomy, where a specialist uses surgical tools to remove the clot.
But what occurs when a person is unable to reach a expert who can conduct the operation?
Prof Grunwald stated the experiment proved a automated system could be connected to the equivalent surgical tools a doctor would conventionally utilize, and a medical staff who is with the patient could easily connect the tools.
The expert, in a separate site, could then operate and direct their personal instruments, and the automated system then performs comparable motions in live timing on the subject to perform the clot removal.
The patient would be in a hospital operating room, while the surgeon could carry out the operation with the advanced machine from any place - even their personal residence.
Prof Grunwald and the neurosurgeon could observe immediate scans of the body in the experiments, and monitor progress in live conditions, with the lead researcher saying it took only 20 minutes of training.
Major corporations prominent manufacturers were contributed to the initiative to guarantee the communication link of the mechanical device.
"To perform surgery from the United States to Scotland with a brief latency - a blink of an eye - is absolutely amazing," commented the medical expert.
Prof Grunwald, who has received recognition for her research and is also the vice president of the World Federation for Interventional Stroke Treatment, explained there were key issues with a standard thrombectomy - a international lack of specialists who can conduct it, and treatment depends on your geographical position.
In the Scottish nation, there are only three places individuals can obtain the treatment - Dundee, Glasgow and Edinburgh. If you aren't located nearby, you must travel.
"The intervention is very time sensitive," stated the medical expert.
"Each six-minute postponement, you have a 1% less chance of having a successful recovery.
"This innovation would now deliver a new way where you're not reliant upon where you live - conserving the precious time where your neural tissue is otherwise dying."
Medical statistics showed there were {9,625 ischaemic strokes|numerous cerebral events|